Mitochondrial Function
Mitochondrial function encompasses oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis (driven by PGC-1α), and quality-control processes (mitophagy). The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c regulates AMPK signaling and metabolic homeostasis. NAD+ supports the electron-transport chain and mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5).
